What is the approximate half-life of iridium-192?
- 30 days
- 120 days
- 74 days
- 5.3 years
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C. 74 days
Ir-192 has a half-life of about 74 days, so a source loses half its activity roughly every two and a half months and exposure times must be recalculated often. A half-life of 5.3 years belongs to cobalt-60 and about 120 days to selenium-75.
Reference: ASNT Level II RT study topic: isotope characteristics
Why is cobalt-60 chosen instead of iridium-192 for radiographing very thick steel sections?
- Its half-life is much shorter
- Its source capsule is very much smaller
- Its gamma rays have much higher energy
- Its radiation needs no shielding
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C. Its gamma rays have much higher energy
Co-60 emits gamma rays of about 1.17 and 1.33 MeV, far more penetrating than the lower-energy Ir-192 spectrum, so it suits steel several inches thick. The same high energy means Co-60 needs much heavier shielding, not less.
Reference: ASNT Level II RT study topic: isotope selection
The IQI cannot be placed on the source side of a pipe weld, so it is placed on the film side. How must this be shown on the radiograph under ASME Section V?
- A lead letter B beside the IQI
- Two IQIs placed side by side
- A note on the report only
- A lead letter F beside the IQI
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D. A lead letter F beside the IQI
A film-side IQI is identified by a lead letter F placed next to it, so the interpreter knows the IQI was in the less demanding position. The lead letter B is something different: it goes on the back of the cassette to check for backscatter.
Reference: ASME BPVC Section V, Article 2, IQI placement